Holistic View Of The Bilingual Person English Language Essay

Comprehensive View Of The Bilingual Person English Language Essay The term bilingual in the psycholinguistic writing doesn't just apply to individuals who communicate in two dialects similarly well since they were presented continually to two unique dialects perhaps because of their folks two distinctive local dialects. Anyway Bilingualism alludes to the ordinary utilization of (at least two) dialects, and bilinguals are those individuals who need and utilize (at least two) dialects in their regular daily existences. (Grosjean, 1992, pp. 51). This speaks to an all encompassing perspective on the bilingual individual as an equipped and complete communicator, then again however a bilingual individual is most likely not the consequence of the entirety of two monolinguals. As ahead of schedule as 1968, Macnamara, Krauthammer and Bolgar composed: Within specific cutoff points à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦, all bilinguals figure out how to keep their dialects unmistakable and can change from one to the next. It follows that somewhat bilinguals experience their dialects as mentally unmistakable frameworks, and that they have some gadget to control which one is utilized at a specific time. In any case, familiar bilinguals are equipped for exchanging between their two dialects, when for instance a third individual who can talk just one of the two dialects is pulled in a discussion or when the subject of the conversation unequivocally requests the utilization of the two dialects simultaneously. To explain this point, consider this circumstance depicted by Judith Kroll You are sitting at a cafã © or at the air terminal when you catch a discussion in English that abruptly changes to another dialect and afterward back to English. On the off chance that you are a monolingual speaker of English, you may see the blend of dialects without understanding that you have tuned in to an amazing subjective achievement by the speaker. This uncommon accomplishment is rather a somewhat basic element of bilinguals language use in which expressions of two dialects combine in an intelligible and important discussion .. In this sense, a bilingual changes the semantic structure, without alterating the considerable significance byusing a word which may address the feeling of a talk in a superior or more grounded way like picking between equivalent words with a similar language (Sridhar, 1980). However when similar bilinguals address a monolingual they infrequently use or change to an elective la nguage so as to keep the monolingual speaker from not understanding. These various conditions and an assortment of other circumstance where this ability emerges prompts question of how the data to be prepared or communicated is bound to the initiation or enunciation of a relating word or expression in the fitting language. On one hand, for an individual over and over adapting to language switches inside the discussion, these clearly abnormal words come out of the blue and may maybe be more hard to process than their inside language partners. Then again for a bilingual who needs to pick in which language to talk, the way toward finding the correct word in the correct setting, which French and Jacquet (2004) allude to as lexical access may result very unpredictable , as notwithstanding the initiation of words in a single language other than the objective, other parole (words) in the other language may be dynamic too.,. In this way, the synchronous initiation of the two lexico-semantic represenations of a bilingual may address various answers resembled with the particular preparing methodology, word acknowledgment or creation, driven by the unique circumstance. In word acknowledgment, language participation is inactively passed on to an individual by the orthographical or phonological attributes of the word (). Be that as it may, in word creation, the speaker effectively and purposefully chooses which language to utilize. In this way, the speaker can apply some control on lexical structures and pick the objective which best fits the open setting among a lot of initiated portrayals. We don't guarantee that the systems and neural elements enlisted for lexical access are essentially extraordinary in acknowledgment and creation, yet rather that the procedures engaged with each might be at any rate mostly unique. The point of this undertaking will be first to follow the impacts of a language switch on models of both language creation and language appreciation and second to distinguish the neural connects of language exchanging and the effect a switch may have on the subjective procedures which rule lexical access so as to deliver or perceive a word. Bilingualism and language understanding Language appreciation has been examined in bilingual populaces essentially through assignments in which bilinguals are considerably approached to react to composed words in either of their dialects. In such visual word recognizable proof undertakings, the language switch is driven by the up and coming upgrades in input, while the yield is executed by button press driven by a paired choice. Countless examinations have tended to bilinguals execution in understanding assignments through both inside language and cross-language errands, for example, lexical choice (e.g., Dijkstra, Van Jaarsveld Ten Brinke, 1998; Dijkstra, Grainger, Van Heuven, 1999; von Studnitz Green, 2002), language choice, and categorisation undertakings (e.g., Dufour Kroll, 1995; Grainger Frenck-Mestre, 1998). Starting investigations uncovered, for instance, that when bilinguals were approached to peruse language-blended entries, their presentation endured contrasted with perusing single-language sections (Macnamara Kushnir, 1971). In lexical choice, reactions to words where a switch in language happens were more slow than those to a preliminary settled in an arrangement of words from same language s (Thomas Allport, 1995; Von Studnitz Green, 1997). Capacity to perceive words in a single language is by all accounts affected by the language memebership of the word promptly going before (the fundamental language preparing impact) (Grainger Beauvillain, 1988; Grainger ORegan, 1992) even in arrangements of irrelevant words. Familiar bilinguals appear to easily oversee whichever language they are mentioned to utilize, anyway in the entirety of the settings referenced simply over a language switch during understanding damages their presentation. This proof proposes that in any event, when biling uals read (e.g., Dijkstra, 2005) or hear (e.g., Marian Spivey, 2003) one language alone, the two dialects are as yet dynamic. In this way, a urgent point here is to build up if and to what degree the other language is still there when bilinguals utilize one language alone. One method of testing this hypotheisis is to seclude uncertain highlights of the bilinguals two dialects , importance to utilize words that in part cover or are completely partaken in the two dialects. At the point when two dialects share a similar letters in order, we may discover words considered cognates that appear to be identical and mean a similar thing also. For instance, In French and Italian, the words hotshot and balle are nearly spelled indistinguishably and have a similar significance and. In the event that bilinguals are extremely fit for closing down one language and dress as monolinguals, at that point execution on these unique words (cognates) ought not contrast from that on particular and unambigu ous words. On the off chance that the other language results not to be in reserve however consistently on, at that point bilinguals ought to perform uniquely in contrast to monolinguals which in a lexical choice assignment should coordinate the objective with just a single conceivable up-and-comer rather than two A related advantage on execution has been shown over an assortment of errands (De Groot and Poot, 1997; Van Hell De Groot, 1998a; Van Hell and Dijkstra, 2002;), giving generous proof that cognates are spoken to or handled uniquely in contrast to non-related interpretation comparable words in the subsequent language. Cognates and non-cognates additionally show diverse preparing impacts: in probably the most punctual investigation of the impacts of cognates, De Groot and Nas (1991) discovered cross-language redundancy preparing for the two cognates and non-cognates, however acquainted preparing just for cognates. Given such proof they arrived at three resolutions: (1) the por trayals of both related and non-related interpretations at the lexical degree of portrayal are associated; (2) related interpretations share a portrayal at the reasonable level while (3) non-related interpretation counterparts are spoken to in isolated idea hubs. De Groot and partners model of related portrayal has kept on growing, however it remains immovably dependent on the rule that cognates portrayals in the two dialects are shared, or covering, more than those of non-cognates. As far as appropriated portrayals, Van Hell and De Groot (1998) depict the idea of cover as the examples of actuation for a related word and its interpretation being like each other, while the examples of enactment for a non-related word and its interpretation may share almost no for all intents and purpose. The more highlights are shared between words, the littler the lexical separation between their relating examples of enactment. Furthermore, the related impact was seen not as limited uniquely to conditions where improvements are introduced in composed structure. Costa, Caramazza, and Sebastiã ¡n-Gallã ©s (2000), for instance, found that bilinguals named pictures with related names more rapidly than pictures with non-related names, while monolinguals indicated no distinction on a similar arrangement of pictures. This affirms the related advantage isn't exclusively because of orthographic cover in the introduced improvements. Numerous examinations have exploited these exceptional properties of related words so as to decide how this etymological uncertainty impacts on bilinguals capacity to comprehend these words in just one of their two dialects. Proof originating from every one of these investigations emphatically bolsters that the language not being used might be in a kind of dozing mode and in any case applies an effect on the bilinguals lexico-semantic framework in any event, when an assignment tunes it to the next language. At the point when cross-language structure and significance unite, bilingual perfor

Culture affects Essay Example for Free

Culture influences Essay This article will be focussed on contrasting two scenes from two distinct plays, the fundamental characters and their characters, and how their way of life influences them. The two plays being referred to are Arthur Millers The Crucible and Blackrock by Nick Enright. Arthur Miller was an American dramatist who was conceived in 1915. He experienced childhood in New York to a Jewish family. He moved on from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he started to separate himself as a writer. His play The Crucible was written in 1953 and later adjusted to a film featuring Daniel Day Lewis and Winnona Rider in 1996. The Crucible enlivened by the Salem Witch Trials. A gathering of guiltless young ladies are discovered moving and reciting in the woodland around a fire. (Puritan England where all types of moving and satisfaction would be carefully prohibited) To spare themselves from being rebuffed, they cry black magic and inside days the entire town goes frantic looking for the nearness of the Devil and his witches. The couple of legitimate and genuine individuals who don't deceive spare themselves from hanging are briskly killed, including John Proctor the primary male job. Scratch Enright was conceived in Maitland in New South Wales. He began his vocation in the performance center as a youngster and composed Blackrock in 19 and later on in 1997 was adjusted to a film. Blackrock about an adolescents charming surfer way of life is broken when a little youngster is fiercely killed after a sea shore party and the examination approaches his friend network. The youngster Jared, must arrangement with his soul and his feeling of devotion to his friends. Both the plays Blackrock and The Crucible albeit set in various timeframes, both have a principle character confronted with a type of individual good problem. The choice among good and bad, and having the fortitude to put yourself in danger for the benefit of others. Act 4 of The Crucible The scene changes from the Vestry in the Courthouse to Salem jail. Marshall Herrick enters and awakens Goody Good and Tituba with the goal that they can be moved to an alternate cell. Tituba discloses to Herrick that they anticipate the Devil, who will fly them to Barbados. The Reverend Hale shows up and tells the detainees that they should admit to being witches so as to upset the ludicrous Court and abstain from being hanged. Reverend Parris finds that Abigail and Mercy Lewis have vanished in the wake of burglarizing Parris and he presumes they may have boarded a boat. Parris defers revealing to Danforth this news since he fears that there will be an insubordination in Salem like the ongoing uprising in Andover. There they tossed out the Court, as the individuals were discontent with the proceedings. When Danforth finds out about the vanishing of Abigail he despite everything thinks about that the proof stands and won't delay the executions for it would be an indication of shortcoming. Solidness begs him to reevaluate or possibly give him an opportunity to convince the detainees to admit. Reverend Hale is experiencing issues in convincing the seven sentenced to death to admit, and he argues again with Danforth for additional time. He detects that Proctor is thinking about admitting, so he requests that Elizabeth converse with her better half focusing on the future coming up for their kids in the event that he is hanged. Elizabeth feels answerable for Proctors circumstance since she lied in Court. She likewise feels regretful for being dubious about her better half after the issue with Abigail. She discloses to Proctor that she absolutely pardons him for the undertaking. Delegate trusts that in the event that he makes an oral admission in Court, that will be adequate for his Judges, however they require it recorded as a hard copy and it will be posted on the Church entryway. He can't confront this and, in this way, withdraws his admission. He would prefer to bite the dust, and safeguard his great name.

Using VKontakte for Business Purposes

Using VKontakte for Business Purposes HISTORY OF VKontakteVK was founded by Pavel Durov in September 2006. Durov, then a recent graduate of St. Petersburg State University, followed a similar launch strategy to Facebook, opening it to college students by invitation only. Once it was open to the public, its growth exploded. As of April 2014, the site counted a quarter of a billion active users, predominantly in Russian-speaking countries. An IPO was planned in 2012; however Durov scrapped that idea after Facebook’s well-publicized IPO issues.Though a relatively young social network, VKontakte has seen its fair share of controversy. In 2011, Durov was pressured by the Federal Security Service to turn over the names of VK users involved in anti-Kremlin protests. The following April, he was accused of hitting a police officer with a car, and after VK’s offices were searched by the authorities, Durov fled the country. The day after the search, United Capital Partners (UCP), a firm with Kremlin ties bought 48% of the firm from two of VK’s founding partners. In May of 2013, VK was added to a blacklist of websites that contained child pornography, which some anti-Kremlin activists called a political move. And later in the year, the firm offered a job to Edward Snowden, the ex-NSA contractor who leaked classified U.S. documents in June of 2013. In April 2014, VK  was taken over by Alisher Usmanov, head of Mail.ru, and Igor Sechin, CEO of UCP. Durov claimed that this was part of Russia’s ongoing efforts to control media in the country, as both men are tied to the Kremlin. Durov, while resisting pressure to provide VK user data on those involved in anti-government protests, gradually sold his shares in the company. His sale, combined with the sale of shares to UCP, afforded Usmanov and Sechin control of VK.In September 2014, VK came under fire for posting content supportive of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), though it quickly pulled said content down after media reports.PURPOSE OF VKontakt eVK was created to be a social networking site for, and of interest to, Russian and Eastern European speakers. It is meant for users to communicate with each other, share digital content, and play games, and intended for businesses and brands to use as a means of promotion and marketing.VK is known for rapidly adopting Facebook functions, integrating them into its own site, and tailoring them to its unique market (earning it its moniker of “the Russian Facebook”). In fact, its structure and design are extremely similar â€" down to the Pages and Groups. With this strategic orientation, VK has managed to maintain a dominant position in the Russian social media market, despite rivals such as Odnoklassnikis (meaning Classmates), and Moy Mir, both owned by Mail.ru, as well as the Russian version of Facebook.BENEFITS OF VKontakteVK, offered officially in English, Russian, and Ukrainian (but available in many others), provides a number of benefits to its users, as well as to brands. VK ’s features include private messaging, news feeds, Groups, Public Pages, browser-based games, and privacy settings, as well as the ability to communicate, like and share content. Featuring a notably more robust search function than Facebook, it also allows you to add audio files and listen to music for free as well as to watch full-length movies, free of charge (though both are, for the most part, pirated). In August of 2014, VK announced the launch of three mobile apps for downloading music, sharing photos, and sending messages, respectively.These features are one reason that VK is extremely popular in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldava, and Belarus, as well as Israel and the U.S. As of  February 2014, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus had a total of 60 million user accounts. By contrast, Facebook’s total number of users in these three countries was 12.4 million. As of August 2014, VK averaged 34 million users per day compared to Facebook’s 6.5 million. Even with a Facebook-Yand ex partnership in early 2014, VK remains the market leader in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. Many Russians view their choice of VK over Facebook as a matter of national pride. Further, some foreign social networks have clashed with the Russian government over issues of censorship. Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have come under fire by the Russian government for refusing to block content the Russian government requests they block, as the social media firm’s deem this content free speech.The market VK covers uses the Internet on average 4.8 hours a day, and in the case of Russia, spends 40% of its time online on social media websites. Partially because of this, VK brand pages have twice the engagement of Facebook’s Company pages. Further, VK collects considerable demographic information on VK users from jobs to political preferences. These factors make VK a very effective marketing tool for brands and firms.SETTING UP A VKontakte ACCOUNTTo utilize VK for business, you†™ll want to set up a company and/or brand Page and a Group page. The first step is to sign up for an account. You can do so by visiting www.vk.com, and entering your name, email address and gender, and clicking Sign Up. Once you’ve done that, and entered your country, you’ll be prompted to validate your account. Enter your mobile phone number and VK will send a code to it. Enter the code and create a password, and you’ll be ready to start using your VK account. Alternatively, you can sign up by allowing VK to access your Facebook account.You’ll be prompted to enter in personal information about yourself, much concerning your college years. You can skip this step, especially if you are setting up a personal account, specifically to take advantage of VK’s branded pages and communities. From  your personal page, click My Communities, to the right on your profile page. Click Create community, and select Public Page to create a page. Enter the firm name, select Company, organiz ation, or website, indicate that you are an official representative and accept the Terms of Service and then click Create page. the following page will allow you to customize the appearance of the page. Fill out these fields thoroughly, as they are the extent of the customization you are allowed on VK. from public pages, you can place targeted ads, add news updates and view statistics about page visitors.To create a Group, which is helpful for engagement and lead generation, click My Communities, to the right on your profile page. Click Create community, and select Group. There is slightly less customization for Groups than public pages. However, our can also create targeted ads, advertising the group and obtain detailed statistics on Group visitors.USING VKontakte FOR BUSINESSVK’s features provide the enterprising marketing department a solid platform to increase its sales through targeted marketing, content marketing, and advertising.Targeted marketingBy integrating VK into your social media mix, you can easily tap into a highly connected geo-demographic group. While by taking advantage of Pages and Groups, you will be able to inform and engage (respectively) VK users. Pages are ideal for communicating news and information about your brand. Product launches and demonstrations, firm-hosted events, and the like, are all ideally shared here. Beyond a company and/or brand page, Groups can help deepen engagement. These should be geared towards connecting customers around a common brand-related interest. For example, a manufacturer of children’s educational toys might create a Group about parenting that would encourage parents to share with each other how they supplement their children’s schooling. This Group could help the firm increase their brand and product awareness, gain product insights, and deepen brand loyalty, in addition to increasing sales.You can also create lists of target users through VK’s search function which contains filters related to a ll of the (considerable) demographic information it collects.Extending reach and visibility through content marketingPage and Group updates are critical to increasing your presence on VK and the adoption of your brand by VK users. But text and photo updates, just scratch the surface. As VK has a large database of pirated video, VK is ideal for video updates. VK is also heavily used for games. Investing in a unique and branded game can drive traffic to your Page and Group, as well as to your website, and lead to sales.Keep in mind that many of VK’s users use the site for entertainment. Text, photo and video updates should be created with this in mind.Extending reach and visibility through advertisingVK has a robust advertising platform available to brands, offering targeted premium banner and video ads on either a cost per click or cost per impression model, with pricing determined by auction (and taking demographic information into consideration). Paid posts are also available in Communities. Posts can be either new or recreations of existing posts. In August of 2014, VK made Offers available on the site: these consist of tasks users must complete for virtual currency. Advertisers can also target these users by selecting what tasks VK users must complete, drive them to a specific webpage and/or convert them, and branding the Offer itself.VK also launched an ad retargeting network, similar to Facebook Exchange, which allows users to track VK user activity on their websites and customize the ads they see.Generating sales leadsSales leads can come from Page visitors, Group members, ad viewers, game players, or some combination of all four. Offers are a great tool in direct marketing campaigns as it drives users to complete a task. Brand and/or industry-related Groups are another way to generate sales leads: you can reach out to members outside of your customer base who have joined because of their interest in your industry, and sell them your product. Contests can attract VK users outside of your target demographic, eliciting interest from users from across the site to your brand.VKontakte KEY TERMS  Groups â€" a feature in VK that provides a forum for users to join, share and interact with each other around a common interest.Pages â€" a webpage associated with a brand, company, organization or group.Communities â€" on VK, both Groups and Pages comprise Communities.BEST PRACTICES FOR USING VKontakteIt is critical, particularly, if you are new to VK, to understand how to use it effectively to reach your target market. While it is extremely similar to Facebook in many regards, it is not Facebook, and its market’s geo-demographics are unique. To use VK effectively:Upload content: There is not much you can customize on a Brand page, so post updates, audio/video/photo content frequently, and engage visitors to your brand. Vary the types of updates you offer between text, photo, and video. And create content with some entertainment value, giv en the conventional usage of the site.Create a Group for your business: as VK provides metrics for users who join your Group. You can use these metrics, along with demographic data to refine your profile of your target market(s). More importantly, Groups garner deeper engagement and offer opportunities for you to connect directly with this market. Keep people talking through moderating and updating the Group consistently.Create a game relevant to your brand or a branded app with game-like functionality, to tap into a healthy market of VK users.Ensure your advertisements are prominent as VK, with its surfeit of piracy, is also awash in spam.Create contests on VK communities to generate excitement, engagement, and sales leads. By directing users to create content, you can also obtain branded photos and testimonials with relatively little effort and expense.CASE STUDY   Facebook may be the biggest brand in the social media space, but it is not the end-all and be-all of social media tools, especially outside of the United States. If youre looking to engage consumers in Eastern Europe and Russia, your ideal social media tool is, instead, VKontakte (often abbreviated as either VK or Vk).The premier social networking site in the region, VK, (literally translated as “in contact”, also meaning “in touch”), is often called the Russian Facebook, and compared to Mark Zuckerberg’s firm. Though VK is the smaller in absolute numbers of users, revenue, and several other measures, it is the go-to network in brand engagement for businesses looking to sell products and services in this region. © Wikimedia commons | vkontakte.ruIn this article, we will explore: 1) the history of VK, 2) the purpose of VK, 3) the benefits of using VK, 4) setting up a VK account, 5) using VK for business, 6) VKs key terms, 7) best practices for using VK, and 8) a case study o f Adidas’ business usage of VK.HISTORY OF VKontakteVK was founded by Pavel Durov in September 2006. Durov, then a recent graduate of St. Petersburg State University, followed a similar launch strategy to Facebook, opening it to college students by invitation only. Once it was open to the public, its growth exploded. As of April 2014, the site counted a quarter of a billion active users, predominantly in Russian-speaking countries. An IPO was planned in 2012; however Durov scrapped that idea after Facebook’s well-publicized IPO issues.Though a relatively young social network, VKontakte has seen its fair share of controversy. In 2011, Durov was pressured by the Federal Security Service to turn over the names of VK users involved in anti-Kremlin protests. The following April, he was accused of hitting a police officer with a car, and after VK’s offices were searched by the authorities, Durov fled the country. The day after the search, United Capital Partners (UCP), a firm with Kr emlin ties bought 48% of the firm from two of VK’s founding partners. In May of 2013, VK was added to a blacklist of websites that contained child pornography, which some anti-Kremlin activists called a political move. And later in the year, the firm offered a job to Edward Snowden, the ex-NSA contractor who leaked classified U.S. documents in June of 2013. In April 2014, VK  was taken over by Alisher Usmanov, head of Mail.ru, and Igor Sechin, CEO of UCP. Durov claimed that this was part of Russia’s ongoing efforts to control media in the country, as both men are tied to the Kremlin. Durov, while resisting pressure to provide VK user data on those involved in anti-government protests, gradually sold his shares in the company. His sale, combined with the sale of shares to UCP, afforded Usmanov and Sechin control of VK.In September 2014, VK came under fire for posting content supportive of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), though it quickly pulled said content down after media reports.PURPOSE OF VKontakteVK was created to be a social networking site for, and of interest to, Russian and Eastern European speakers. It is meant for users to communicate with each other, share digital content, and play games, and intended for businesses and brands to use as a means of promotion and marketing.VK is known for rapidly adopting Facebook functions, integrating them into its own site, and tailoring them to its unique market (earning it its moniker of “the Russian Facebook”). In fact, its structure and design are extremely similar â€" down to the Pages and Groups. With this strategic orientation, VK has managed to maintain a dominant position in the Russian social media market, despite rivals such as Odnoklassnikis (meaning Classmates), and Moy Mir, both owned by Mail.ru, as well as the Russian version of Facebook.BENEFITS OF VKontakteVK, offered officially in English, Russian, and Ukrainian (but available in many others), provides a number of benefits to i ts users, as well as to brands. VK’s features include private messaging, news feeds, Groups, Public Pages, browser-based games, and privacy settings, as well as the ability to communicate, like and share content. Featuring a notably more robust search function than Facebook, it also allows you to add audio files and listen to music for free as well as to watch full-length movies, free of charge (though both are, for the most part, pirated). In August of 2014, VK announced the launch of three mobile apps for downloading music, sharing photos, and sending messages, respectively.These features are one reason that VK is extremely popular in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldava, and Belarus, as well as Israel and the U.S. As of  February 2014, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus had a total of 60 million user accounts. By contrast, Facebook’s total number of users in these three countries was 12.4 million. As of August 2014, VK averaged 34 million users per day compared to Facebook’s 6.5 million. Even with a Facebook-Yandex partnership in early 2014, VK remains the market leader in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. Many Russians view their choice of VK over Facebook as a matter of national pride. Further, some foreign social networks have clashed with the Russian government over issues of censorship. Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have come under fire by the Russian government for refusing to block content the Russian government requests they block, as the social media firm’s deem this content free speech.The market VK covers uses the Internet on average 4.8 hours a day, and in the case of Russia, spends 40% of its time online on social media websites. Partially because of this, VK brand pages have twice the engagement of Facebook’s Company pages. Further, VK collects considerable demographic information on VK users from jobs to political preferences. These factors make VK a very effective marketing tool for brands and firms.SETTING UP A VKontakte ACCOUN TTo utilize VK for business, you’ll want to set up a company and/or brand Page and a Group page. The first step is to sign up for an account. You can do so by visiting www.vk.com, and entering your name, email address and gender, and clicking Sign Up. Once you’ve done that, and entered your country, you’ll be prompted to validate your account. Enter your mobile phone number and VK will send a code to it. Enter the code and create a password, and you’ll be ready to start using your VK account. Alternatively, you can sign up by allowing VK to access your Facebook account.You’ll be prompted to enter in personal information about yourself, much concerning your college years. You can skip this step, especially if you are setting up a personal account, specifically to take advantage of VK’s branded pages and communities. From  your personal page, click My Communities, to the right on your profile page. Click Create community, and select Public Page to create a page. Enter the firm name, select Company, organization, or website, indicate that you are an official representative and accept the Terms of Service and then click Create page. the following page will allow you to customize the appearance of the page. Fill out these fields thoroughly, as they are the extent of the customization you are allowed on VK. from public pages, you can place targeted ads, add news updates and view statistics about page visitors.To create a Group, which is helpful for engagement and lead generation, click My Communities, to the right on your profile page. Click Create community, and select Group. There is slightly less customization for Groups than public pages. However, our can also create targeted ads, advertising the group and obtain detailed statistics on Group visitors.USING VKontakte FOR BUSINESSVK’s features provide the enterprising marketing department a solid platform to increase its sales through targeted marketing, content marketing, and advertising.Targeted ma rketingBy integrating VK into your social media mix, you can easily tap into a highly connected geo-demographic group. While by taking advantage of Pages and Groups, you will be able to inform and engage (respectively) VK users. Pages are ideal for communicating news and information about your brand. Product launches and demonstrations, firm-hosted events, and the like, are all ideally shared here. Beyond a company and/or brand page, Groups can help deepen engagement. These should be geared towards connecting customers around a common brand-related interest. For example, a manufacturer of children’s educational toys might create a Group about parenting that would encourage parents to share with each other how they supplement their children’s schooling. This Group could help the firm increase their brand and product awareness, gain product insights, and deepen brand loyalty, in addition to increasing sales.You can also create lists of target users through VK’s search function w hich contains filters related to all of the (considerable) demographic information it collects.Extending reach and visibility through content marketingPage and Group updates are critical to increasing your presence on VK and the adoption of your brand by VK users. But text and photo updates, just scratch the surface. As VK has a large database of pirated video, VK is ideal for video updates. VK is also heavily used for games. Investing in a unique and branded game can drive traffic to your Page and Group, as well as to your website, and lead to sales.Keep in mind that many of VK’s users use the site for entertainment. Text, photo and video updates should be created with this in mind.Extending reach and visibility through advertisingVK has a robust advertising platform available to brands, offering targeted premium banner and video ads on either a cost per click or cost per impression model, with pricing determined by auction (and taking demographic information into consideration). Paid posts are also available in Communities. Posts can be either new or recreations of existing posts. In August of 2014, VK made Offers available on the site: these consist of tasks users must complete for virtual currency. Advertisers can also target these users by selecting what tasks VK users must complete, drive them to a specific webpage and/or convert them, and branding the Offer itself.VK also launched an ad retargeting network, similar to Facebook Exchange, which allows users to track VK user activity on their websites and customize the ads they see.Generating sales leadsSales leads can come from Page visitors, Group members, ad viewers, game players, or some combination of all four. Offers are a great tool in direct marketing campaigns as it drives users to complete a task. Brand and/or industry-related Groups are another way to generate sales leads: you can reach out to members outside of your customer base who have joined because of their interest in your industry, and sell them your product. Contests can attract VK users outside of your target demographic, eliciting interest from users from across the site to your brand.VKontakte KEY TERMS  Groups â€" a feature in VK that provides a forum for users to join, share and interact with each other around a common interest.Pages â€" a webpage associated with a brand, company, organization or group.Communities â€" on VK, both Groups and Pages comprise Communities.BEST PRACTICES FOR USING VKontakteIt is critical, particularly, if you are new to VK, to understand how to use it effectively to reach your target market. While it is extremely similar to Facebook in many regards, it is not Facebook, and its market’s geo-demographics are unique. To use VK effectively:Upload content: There is not much you can customize on a Brand page, so post updates, audio/video/photo content frequently, and engage visitors to your brand. Vary the types of updates you offer between text, photo, and video. And create content with some entertainment value, given the conventional usage of the site.Create a Group for your business: as VK provides metrics for users who join your Group. You can use these metrics, along with demographic data to refine your profile of your target market(s). More importantly, Groups garner deeper engagement and offer opportunities for you to connect directly with this market. Keep people talking through moderating and updating the Group consistently.Create a game relevant to your brand or a branded app with game-like functionality, to tap into a healthy market of VK users.Ensure your advertisements are prominent as VK, with its surfeit of piracy, is also awash in spam.Create contests on VK communities to generate excitement, engagement, and sales leads. By directing users to create content, you can also obtain branded photos and testimonials with relatively little effort and expense.CASE STUDY  A number of firms have developed a strong presence on VKontakte, including Coca-Cola and Samsung, as well as the German multinational firm Adidas. Using NLO Marketing as their digital agency, Adidas worked to reach the Russian audience online beginning in January of 2010, by building a scalable presence on VK. NLO Marketing built, among many others, the Adidas Sport Community on VK, which wound up becoming the single largest VK Adidas-branded community. To populate it, and other Adidas Groups on VK, the agency created a number of contests; a quick-update system to serve users with new ads; branded apps allowing users to create avatars from sports photos, to find tourist routes, to test their impact force, and to check in at hosted events, among other functions. The agency also provided VK users considerable Adidas-related content through uploading catalogues, creating product pages, and posting store information online; and allowed VK users the opportunity to create and upload content. A notable content addition was a reality show, featuring Adidas and VK users tra ining to run an 8km race; this was of course featured on Adidas Sport. Through 15 different VK-based marketing campaigns in its first two years, Vkontakte was able to reach 12 million users and engage over 700,000 VK users.By February 2014, Adidas Sport had grown to include 385,000 members, communicating in 111 discussions. A second community, Adidas Originals, also launched in 2010, grew in two years to include over 160,000 members; by February 201, it had grown to 189,000 followers. A third, Neo Adidas Label, had 76,050 fans as of February 2014 and a fourth, aimed at women, Adidas Women, had 8,070 as of that date. Other smaller communities totaled another 53,000 members.

Wildfire Tragedy Storm King Mountain

Ruthless Pt School Essay Samples Strategies Exploited

Ruthless Pt School Essay Samples Strategies Exploited Whispered Pt School Essay Samples Secrets Education is a significant medium of acquiring essential knowledge and techniques. My school has rather strict discipline which we should follow on regular basis. It has highly qualified and experienced teachers who teach us in very effective and creative manner. So, it is the best school of the world. My school atmosphere is quite pleasant and school environment is extremely clean and appealing. Many high school students benefit from AP classes to make college credit prior to going to college. Introduction It's said that entering the high school is the initial step in real life in any student's life. Zero tolerance policies effect all students in addition to minorities as soon as it concerns the school to prison pipeline. My school has a large library, stationery shop and canteen in the school campus. Narrative papers are a sort of writing which captures an experience in a particular time. Students may find writing a narrative paper a huge challenge because of aspects like they're not fluent in using English language especially in regards to the written type of communication. A number of the students have a tendency to prevent doing home assignments and never attempt to dive into the tough work. This list will describe the help of a school-counseling program. It's even harder for students with disabilities that get in the system to get out due to factors like difficulty learning in school, deficiency of inclusion, and confidence troubles. When there are a lot of quite specific disciplines of education, there's always a focus subject that helps to get students to grow in a certain location. There are a lot of implications to focusing on only two of the significant subjects that are provided in the American school system. Social costs of college may add up. When you haven't met the requirements you won't qualify for enrolment. Schools supervisors play a significant part in education with a capacity to extend their function in evaluation as needed in education reform. One of the primary purposes of school examinations is to enhance the quality of education. Also, ensure you aren't using more than 1 hook in the essay as it is only going to make it even more crowded and confusing. All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. Choose 2-3 things to speak about Now that you've written as much as possible about each bullet time, you should begin to understand an overall direction to keep writing your essay. You may access the writer who's writing your essay directly so which you can make any correction. If you are happy to explain yourself, you may attempt to bring a sentence or two into your PTCAS essay. In truth, it would be better to shell out only a little portion of the essay explaining what happened. Our admission essay examples can prove that we're here in order to provide simply the very best assistance to assure you which you submit an application essay which you can be confident in. One more thing that has become more popular is the notion of youth courts. Let's say your topic is to explore an extracurricular activity that has played a massive influence on your life. As a way to create what you would like in your life, it's critical to be consciously aware of what it is that you are feeling and thinking each of the moment. There are quite a lot of things which make school life the very best phase in your life. The Hidden Truth About Pt School Essay Samples My school is situated at quite good place and away from all of the crowd and noise of the city. Imagine you are earning a proposal to a theater company to create a show about a Greek or a Roman whose life would make a great musical. Read it a few times, even out loud, until you have a great idea about what it is asking. Frequently, students want to comprehend why things happen the manner which they do. Each building contains ten classes. If your high school study skills may include utilizing some acronyms in memorization portion, you are not going to have any difficulty in any way. There are particular classes that have to be taken and passed to make a degree. There's a great deal of study pressure. Characteristics of Pt School Essay Samples Overall, high schools are definitely a very important institution that young folks want to attend as a way to find the fundamental book abilities and society type of skills so they can handle the adult world, do well in their prospective jobs a nd do well when interacting with different individuals. EXERCISING at your own comfort level is discovered to have positive results. Our whole life is the procedure of learning and gaining new useful understanding. In the USA of America, there's a wonderful focus put on the education system and the way it works to grow the abilities and capabilities of the future generations. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the possibilities of admission. For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's absolutely free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. A science fair project even offers a chance for the discussion of ethical problems, such as plagiarism and falsification of information. Don't be worried about your grammar or if it's written well. Top Pt School Essay Samples Choices As a consequence, spending money to deal with your essays might be challenging. The people of individuals wanting to go for a career in culinary arts today is steadily on the increase. In extreme circumstances, students may be quite so frustrated or disappointed in their results they may look at ending their lives. People have discovered that during the day it helps to play classical music in the background.

Pros and Cons in Teenage Pregnancy Free Essays

How to prevent teen pregnancy has been a question for many years. Many people take having a baby as a joke. Getting pregnant and having a child involves many prose and cons. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons in Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the prevention of teen pregnancy there are many things that can be helpful. There are also other helpful ways to prevent teen pregnancy, such as sex education and birth control. All of these things are essential in the prevention of teen pregnancy. Refraining from sexual activities is a great way to prevent teen pregnancy, and the risk of getting a disease. In the past years less sex and more condoms use has meant lower rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. Most teens have sex because of their friends being sexually active. The percentage of sexually active males declined from 57.4 percent to 48.8 percent, essentially erasing the gender gap. A National Survey of Family Growth stated that teens are having less sex. Avoiding sex and learning more about sex are good ways to assure your knowledge and decrease teen pregnancy. Traditionally children have received information about sexuality from their parents, church, friends, their doctors, and many other people. Many young teens learn about their bodies first. Many people believe that sex education being taught in schools assures children of correct and complete information about sexuality. Sex education starts in the primaries and continues through the secondary school. At the primary school stage, sex education teaches children about their bodies and attempts to promote a whole attitude towards the self-development process. During these years teachers attempt to correct any false ideas children may have learned about sex. At the beginning of secondary school teachers try to prepare students for puberty. For example, the children learn about nocturnal emissions, menstruation and changes that will take place in their bodies, they also learn and study reproduction. Further up the school, most young adult†s interest in sex increases, so they learn more about responsibility, and having relationships between members of the opposite sex. In secondary school, pupils learn more about the social and psychological aspects of sexuality. Many other subjects come up at this time in a teenager†s life, such as marriage, abortion, homosexuality, birth control, and other topics. Sex education is very importance to the teenage generation. Birth control is the control of birth or of childbearing by deliberate measures to control or prevent conception, contraception. An understanding of birth control requires some knowledge of human reproduction. Sexually, coming from a man millions of sperm are released into the woman’s vagina. If an egg is there sperm travelling through a woman’s fallopian tube will be fertilised by the sperm. Most birth control methods are made to prevent contraceptives. The most effective contraceptive method is surgical sterilisation. In many developing nations hormone drugs are injected into the body. Studies show that those methods are becoming effective, because the teenage pregnancy rate has dropped by 11%. Birth control is important to teenagers, and they should be used if a teen should become sexually active. Parents should remember to teach their children about birth control always, just in case a teenager should become curious and decide to have sex. In conclusion a teen pregnancy has a hard effect on society, in many ways. Most teen pregnancies were not planned. Surveys say about 65% of teen pregnancy’s were not even discussed with their sexual partners. All of the other percentage of teen pregnancy’s were not planned either, but it had been discussed with the teenagers sexual partner at some point in time. Most teenagers begin having sex without knowing the consequences. Teenagers need to take responsibility and remember to keep safe, because there are various ways to prevent teen pregnancy, for example abstinence, sex education, and various types of birth control. How to cite Pros and Cons in Teenage Pregnancy, Papers

Pros and Cons in Teenage Pregnancy Free Essays

How to prevent teen pregnancy has been a question for many years. Many people take having a baby as a joke. Getting pregnant and having a child involves many prose and cons. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons in Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the prevention of teen pregnancy there are many things that can be helpful. There are also other helpful ways to prevent teen pregnancy, such as sex education and birth control. All of these things are essential in the prevention of teen pregnancy. Refraining from sexual activities is a great way to prevent teen pregnancy, and the risk of getting a disease. In the past years less sex and more condoms use has meant lower rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. Most teens have sex because of their friends being sexually active. The percentage of sexually active males declined from 57.4 percent to 48.8 percent, essentially erasing the gender gap. A National Survey of Family Growth stated that teens are having less sex. Avoiding sex and learning more about sex are good ways to assure your knowledge and decrease teen pregnancy. Traditionally children have received information about sexuality from their parents, church, friends, their doctors, and many other people. Many young teens learn about their bodies first. Many people believe that sex education being taught in schools assures children of correct and complete information about sexuality. Sex education starts in the primaries and continues through the secondary school. At the primary school stage, sex education teaches children about their bodies and attempts to promote a whole attitude towards the self-development process. During these years teachers attempt to correct any false ideas children may have learned about sex. At the beginning of secondary school teachers try to prepare students for puberty. For example, the children learn about nocturnal emissions, menstruation and changes that will take place in their bodies, they also learn and study reproduction. Further up the school, most young adult†s interest in sex increases, so they learn more about responsibility, and having relationships between members of the opposite sex. In secondary school, pupils learn more about the social and psychological aspects of sexuality. Many other subjects come up at this time in a teenager†s life, such as marriage, abortion, homosexuality, birth control, and other topics. Sex education is very importance to the teenage generation. Birth control is the control of birth or of childbearing by deliberate measures to control or prevent conception, contraception. An understanding of birth control requires some knowledge of human reproduction. Sexually, coming from a man millions of sperm are released into the woman’s vagina. If an egg is there sperm travelling through a woman’s fallopian tube will be fertilised by the sperm. Most birth control methods are made to prevent contraceptives. The most effective contraceptive method is surgical sterilisation. In many developing nations hormone drugs are injected into the body. Studies show that those methods are becoming effective, because the teenage pregnancy rate has dropped by 11%. Birth control is important to teenagers, and they should be used if a teen should become sexually active. Parents should remember to teach their children about birth control always, just in case a teenager should become curious and decide to have sex. In conclusion a teen pregnancy has a hard effect on society, in many ways. Most teen pregnancies were not planned. Surveys say about 65% of teen pregnancy’s were not even discussed with their sexual partners. All of the other percentage of teen pregnancy’s were not planned either, but it had been discussed with the teenagers sexual partner at some point in time. Most teenagers begin having sex without knowing the consequences. Teenagers need to take responsibility and remember to keep safe, because there are various ways to prevent teen pregnancy, for example abstinence, sex education, and various types of birth control. How to cite Pros and Cons in Teenage Pregnancy, Papers

The Importance of Nonverbal Communication free essay sample

One of the most crucial aspects of nonverbal communication is its ability to strengthen verbal communication. For example, if you tell your spouse you love him and then you follow up your oral communication with loving and endearing actions, the message of love is strengthened. On the contrary, if you tell your teenager not to smoke, yet you smoke in front of them daily, the verbal message and nonverbal message will contradict one another causing confusion and disbelief. Provides Cues Nonverbal communication provides cues to other people to help guide or instruct him. For example, if a police officer is in the middle of an intersection and he faces his hand at your car, you know this means to stop. The nonverbal cue to stop could save your life and the lives of the other passengers on the road. Other cues in American society could be clapping hands, winking with the eye or a shrug of the shoulders. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Nonverbal Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clarifies Nonverbal communication clarifies the verbal message. This can be seen in a presentation. The speaker is verbally communicating and uses nonverbal visual aids to help the listeners understand more effectively. A nonverbal aid in this situation can be a graph, chart or slide show. Incorporating nonverbal communication in an interpersonal or group conversation will provide greater clarity and comprehension. Creates Culture Whether a culture is created in a family or a corporation, it is the nonverbal communication that is responsible for it. In every relationship and group there are certain norms and expectations that are not verbally communicated. Most of the time these rules of engagement are created through nonverbal expressions whether it is touch, time or gestures. Nonverbal communication can make a culture hostile, comforting or awkward. Adds Depth Nonverbal communication adds depth to verbal communication. This is seen in the expression of emotions. Emotions are a form of nonverbal communication that provides depth and greater meaning for an individuals soul. For example, a person can give a speech with no emotion and lose the crowd or they can say the same speech with emotion behind it and captivate the audience. Importance of Nonverbal Communication Verbal and nonverbal communication are required for human communication. Both types of communication exist primarily on the concept of symbolic communication, and cannot be fully understood without considering the other. Language in communication is extremely powerful, as words can be used to shape culture, create meaning, classify individuals, and both clarify and confuse symbolic meaning. Nonverbal communication, beyond its influence over verbal communication, is often the first type of communication expressed during a communication exchange. People begin to formulate understandings and opinions of others before they even hear them speak, and nonverbal communication expresses the information during early phases of interaction. Verbal and nonverbal communication are directly related, and understanding the power each style exerts over the entire communication process is key to effectively developing and executing quality communication strategies. Every utterance is made up of both verbal and nonverbal components, making how you say something just as important as what you say. Nonverbal communication involves sending and receiving messages without the direct use of words. The wide variety of nonverbal communication channels and the unwritten rules for each make up a complex aspect of interpersonal communication. Modes Nonverbal communication may be conveyed through your general appearance and manner of dress, posture, facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, gestures and touch. Paralanguage, another aspect of nonverbal communication, includes vocal characterizations such as laughing and burping, vocal segregates such as uh-huh, shhh or humm and vocal qualifiers including the pitch, volume, tone, tempo and rhythm of your words. Accent, pronunciation and fluency are aspects of paralanguage as well. Significance Nonverbal communication may repeat, complement or contradict the words you say. For example, when a speaker points to the west while giving a directive to walk two blocks west, her gesture conveys the same content as her words. A parent may use a negative tone in order to complement the words in his reprimand to a child. A nonverbal cue such as a wink may contradict the positive words of message. Nonverbal communication can also be a substitute for a verbal message. If a person puts her finger to her lips, she is indicating a need for quiet without using any words. Considerations By understanding nonverbal communication, even if only implicitly, you will be able to communicate more effectively than you would without this knowledge. You can be a better receiver of the messages others wish to convey, and you will be able to employ a variety of strategies to get your message across as well as to detect whether the message was properly understood. Misunderstandings Nonverbal communication is extremely culture-bound, opening up many opportunities for misunderstandings when people from different cultures are involved in an exchange. A single unit of nonverbal communication could have several different meanings depending on who is using it and who is interpreting it. So, when you are interacting with people from a different background, it is wise to gain an awareness of some of the basic nonverbal communication patterns in that culture. You should also be hasty to confirm and clarify rather than rely on your assumptions. Training Children who lack nonverbal communication skills have difficulties getting along with other children. They may be sending messages they dont intend or misinterpreting others nonverbal messages because they do not understand the unwritten rules for appropriate nonverbal behavior.

Chinese Dynastys Over Time †History Essay

Chinese Dynastys Over Time – History Essay Free Online Research Papers Chinese Dynastys Over Time History Essay It is not unusual that we study famous and important people in history in order to understand what was going on at that time. However, did these people really change the history? I always wonder whether the present would be different if some of these people were not born. Are we meant to be where we are now or everything is just by chance? These questions are especially critical in modern Chinese history because there were many regimes and groups for different types of people’s interests. It seems like there were so many possibilities that maybe the history could really be different than the way it is. There is an old saying in Chinese-, (a one-hundred-year-old worm, its body would not be rotten after its death). It means that regimes which have ruled for a long time do not fail easily even though it is dead inside. Qing dynasty could be the best example; it did not collapse right away due to the internal and external problems, and it managed to get through the nineteenth century and on until 1912. Partial credit must be given to those scholars who worked hard on the Confucian restoration, trying to reform and revive Qing dynasty. Zeng Guofan was one of the most important representatives of this restoration attitude. Even though Zeng thought highly of traditional scholarly and moral values, soon he saw â€Å"the value of making selective use of Western technology† (Spence, P195). His good friend, Feng Guifen also presented Zeng a series of ideas about how and why â€Å"China must learn to strengthen itself†-â€Å"Why are France and Britain [they] small but strong? The answer lay†¦in four main areas, utilizing all their manpower resource, exploiting their soil to the full, maintaining close bonds between rulers and subjects, and ensuring ‘the necessary accord of word with deed’† (Spence P195). Not only did Zeng and Feng, scholars far away from the political center Beijing, realize that â€Å"China must learn to strengthen itself† (Spence P195). Prince Gong, an important Manchu in the royal family, also â€Å"emerge[d] as a reformer in the Tongzhi Restoration period† (Spence 198). Under his efforts, schools in Beijing started to offer classes in foreign languages, Western technology, science, mathematics, international law, etc. Also, Qing dynasty sent out teenagers to U.S.A., Europe and Japan to study in their schools, hoping these people could bring back the most updated technology in Western society. After Zeng’s death, Li Hongzhang gained the trust from the express dowager Cixi. He encouraged Chi nese people to open their own factories, to try to reduce foreign import , to develop arsenals and build up the Chinese navy army. These practices definitely boomed the Chinese economy and strengthened the Qing dynasty. However, the disastrous defeat in Sino-Japan war made it clear that â€Å"self-strengthening† was not as helpful as people expected-â€Å"the north China navy†¦with yet more damaging consequences to China’s self-strengthening goals† (Spence p221). Holding the fear that China would be carved up in the coming future, scholars attempted to seek a way to rescue China from Western domination. After the war with Japan in 1895, many people were amazed that Japan, such a small country, had managed to become so successful in only a few decades. Almost at the same time, because Japan was â€Å"not yet ready to risk an open test of strength with the forces of Russia or of other potentially hostile European countries† (Howard, p281), the Japanese government decided to develop a positive relationship with China. They offered assistance against Russia and other western powers, which was also in their own interest. Japan’s success and its assistance to China especially in â€Å"expanding and improving Chinese [its] military establishment† (Howard p283), started an trend in China that many scholars were attracted to the Japan’s restoration history and they believed China should follow Japan in its own restoration. Kang Youwei was the one who really tried to put these ideas into practice. He gained much of his knowledge of the Meiji reform in Japan from books. Kang’s faith in China’s success following Japan came from the similarity between China and Japan, the work Japan had already done, including the translation of an enormous amount of Western books, and Japan’s positive and helpful attitude towards the Chinese restoration. Kang was very eager to put his ideas intoreality after â€Å"his observations of the corruption and irresponsibility in political life†¦and the humiliation of the defeat by Japan† (Howard, p289). Finally, Kang got the chance to present his ideas to the young emperor, Guangxu, and received an enthusiastic response. With hopes that China might become as strong as Japan through the restoration, Guangxu, called for changes in four areas including â€Å"abolition of the highly stylized format known as ‘eight-legged essay’†¦t he convention of old academics to modern schools offering both Chinese and Western learning†¦local officials to increase the production of tea and silk for export†¦and the strengthening of armed forces† (Spence, p228). Guangxu mistakenly thought his aunt, the empress dowager Cixi would support him but Cixi was afraid of her power being taken away, she issued an edict on 21st September, 1898 that â€Å"the emperor had asked her to resume power† (Spence, p229), and ended all the movement. Many people argue that Kang’s picking Guangxu as the person to put his ideas into reality was a huge mistake, but it is less noticed that there were not many options for Kang. Kang had never got a chance to go to Japan to observe its policy until 1898, and all of his knowledge of Japan, especially about Meiji reform came from books. He was only a scholar without military power or bureaucratic experiences, and he needed to rely on someone who would appreciate his ideas and also be powerful enough to make a difference. He wanted to rescue China from western power which made it impossible for him to turn to western countries for assistance. At the same time in the Qing court where were full of conservative officials, his only hope left to be the young emperor even though he had nothing but a throne. Kang turned to Japan government for help after the failure of the movement, but all he got was private support from Okuma which was not even strong enough to rescue Guangxu. It is alm ost predictable that Kang would fail eventually because the â€Å"constitutional reformers† did not have any solid military power to support them and all the assistance they received from Japan was mostly sympathy but not anything practical. In this battle between the â€Å"conservative Qing officials’† and Kang as â€Å"constitutional reformers†, Zhang Zhidong played an interesting role. It seems to most people that it was difficult to understand which side he really supported. In his book-Quanxue Pian’s Inner chapters, he talks about â€Å"why the idea of popular power did not fit China’s needs† (Hon, p89), which made him in the opposite position of â€Å"constitutional reformers†. However, in the outer chapters, he suggested that people should not â€Å"stop(ped) eating altogether because of a hiccup† which encouraged people to change the old institutions according to the present needs. Zhang’s ambiguous attitude seemed to be confusing, however, still explicable. According to Tze-Ki Hon in his â€Å"Zhang Zhidong’s Proposal for Reform†, Zhang was â€Å"an experienced bureaucrat who knew how to bend to the political wings† (Hon, p95). I n Zhang’s time, there were two streams of power with conflicts. Even though Zhang had his own opinions of restoration and he wanted to reform the court, his experience as a bureaucrat prevented him from stepping up to support Kang. Therefore he proposed a coherent plan for founding a system to train new talent, which would slowly reform the Qing court. At the same time, he also worked on â€Å"how to reduce China’s reliance on foreign imports and†¦to build an efficient railroad system to improve transportation and bring the country together with a strong sense of national identity† (Hon, p93). Zhang’s plans might work but the emergence of Sun Yat-sen certainly did not give Zhang a chance to â€Å"gradually reform the Qing court†. Respected as the â€Å"Father of the Nation† in China, Sun Yat-sen showed his sympathy to Taiping rebellion and anti-Manchu hatred when he was very young-â€Å"while studying in Canton and Hong Kong, he is said to have admired Hong Xiuquan [Hung Hsiuchuan]† (Schiffrin, p 445). Different with Kang, Sun Yat-sen was not just a scholar who learned from books, he was fluent in English, and he had studied in many western countries. Being anti-Manchu, Sun realized that he needed assistance from foreigners â€Å"that no major political change could be carried out in China without the active assistance or friendly neutrality of foreigners† (Schiffrin, p447), therefore he went to Britain and Japan for assistance. Again and again, Sun showed his capability to â€Å"impress individual foreigners† (Schiffrin, p450). To British, he showed his â€Å"Christian affiliation† but in Japan, he appeared to be Asian and asked for help in â€Å"wiping away the humiliation of Asian yellow race† (Schiffrin, p452). Not only did Sun’s speech touch many foreigners’ hearts, also his image as a â€Å"Western-educated and Christian leader[s] of the Society to Restore China’s prosperity† also led foreigners to believe that they could benefit more from Sun in commercial trade, compared to Qing court which was trying to â€Å"reduce China’s reliance on foreign imports† (Hon, p93). All together, Sun successfully built up a positive relationship with foreigners, which brought him to the forefront of the anti-Manchu revolutionary movement-â€Å"Why was Sun chosen leader? †¦ one of the crucial factors was the overriding concern with the foreign threat and Sun’s purported ability to neutralize it.† (Schiffrin, p462). Sun’s success undoubtedly came from his personal charm, excellent lectures and his accurate analysis to complicated situations. At that time in China, foreigners were too influential to be neglected. Sun’s decision to develop a positive relationship with foreigners was definitely one of the key reasons why he succeeded to crash the Qing court and ended the â€Å"emperor system† existing in China for more than 2000 years. Unfortunately too much dependence on foreigners might also be the reason why he eventually failed to found a Republic China. From Zeng Guofan, Kang Youwei, Zhang Zhidong, to Sun Yat-sen, they all contributed to some degree to the modern Chinese revolution. However, as we may see from examples above, their success and failure were determined by the circumstances that existed where they were. I am not trying to argue that their individual beliefs were not influential in their decision making. On the contrary, the more we analyze how and why they made the decisions they did, the more we can see they did not have that many options. Inevitable as the outcome of the decisions were, I still appreciate the fact that they brought their personality into the decision making process, a truth without which they would not be known by us today. The Search for Modern China 2nd Edition, Spence Jonathan, New York, 1999 Howard, Richard Japans Role in the Reform Program of Kang Yu-wei Hon, Tze-ki, â€Å"Zhang Zhidong’s Proposal for Reform: A New Reading of the Quanxue pian Schiffrin, Harold Z., â€Å"The Enigma of Sun Yat-sen,† in China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900-1913, ed. by Mary C. Wright Research Papers on Chinese Dynasty's Over Time - History EssayDefinition of Export QuotasWhere Wild and West MeetAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of India

Womens Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment

Women's Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment After the American Civil War, several legal challenges faced the newly-reunited nation. One was how to define a citizen so that former slaves, and other African Americans, were included. (The Dred Scott decision, before the Civil War, had declared that black people had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.) The citizenship rights of those who had rebelled against the federal government or who had participated in secession were also in question. One response was the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified July 28, 1868. The Fight for Postwar Rights During the Civil War, the developing womens rights movement had largely put their agenda on hold, with most of the womens rights advocates supporting the Union efforts. Many of the womens rights advocates had been abolitionists as well, and so they eagerly supported the war which they believed would end slavery. When the Civil War ended, womens rights advocates expected to take up their cause once again, joined by the male abolitionists whose cause had been won. But when the Fourteenth Amendment was proposed, the womens rights movement split over whether to support it as a means of finishing the job of establishing full citizenship for the freed slaves and other African Americans. Beginnings: Adding Male to the Constitution Why was the Fourteenth Amendment controversial in womens rights circles? Because, for the first time, the proposed Amendment added the word male into the US Constitution. Section 2, which dealt explicitly with voting rights, used the term male. And womens rights advocates, especially those who were promoting suffrage, or the granting of the vote to women, were outraged. Some womens rights supporters, including Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Frederick Douglass, supported the Fourteenth Amendment as essential to guaranteeing black equality and full citizenship, even though it was flawed in only applying voting rights to males. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the efforts of some womens suffrage supporters to try to defeat both the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because the Fourteenth Amendment included the offensive focus on male voters. When the Amendment was ratified, they advocated, without success, for a universal suffrage amendment. Each side of this controversy saw the others as betraying basic principles of equality: supporters of the 14th Amendment saw the opponents as betraying efforts for racial equality, and opponents saw the supporters as betraying efforts for the equality of the sexes. Stone and Howe founded the American Woman Suffrage Association and a paper, the Womans Journal. Anthony and Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association and began publishing the Revolution. The rift would not be healed until, in the late years of the 19th century, the two organizations merged into the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Myra Blackwell and Equal Protection Though the second article of the  Fourteenth Amendment  introduced the word male into the Constitution in respect to voting rights, nevertheless some womens rights advocates decided that they could make a case for womens rights including suffrage on the basis of the first article of the Amendment, which did not distinguish between males and females in granting citizenship rights. The case of Myra Bradwell was one of the first to advocate for use of the 14th Amendment to defend womens rights. Bradwell had passed the Illinois law exam, and a circuit court judge and a state attorney had each signed a certificate of qualification, recommending that the state grant her a license to practice law. However, the Supreme Court of Illinois denied her application on October 6, 1869. The court took into consideration the legal status of a woman as a femme covert- that is, as a married woman, Myra Bradwell was legally disabled. She was, under the common law of the time, prohibited from owning property or entering into legal agreements. As a married woman, she had  no legal existence apart from her husband. Myra Bradwell challenged this decision. She took her case back to the Illinois Supreme Court, using the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection language in the first article to defend her right to choose a livelihood. In her brief, Bradwell wrote, that it is one of the privileges and immunities of women as citizens to engage in any and every provision, occupation or employment in civil life. While the Bradwell case raised the possibility that the 14th Amendment could justify womens equality, the Supreme Court were not ready to agree. In a much-quoted concurring opinion, Justice Joseph P. Bradley wrote: It certainly cannot be affirmed, as a historical fact, that [the right to choose ones profession] has ever been established as one of the fundamental privileges and immunities of the sex. Instead, he wrote, The paramount destiny and mission of women are to fulfill the noble and benign offices of wife and mother. Minor, Happersett, Anthony, and Womens Suffrage While the second article of the  Fourteenth Amendment  to the Constitution  specified certain voting rights connected with males only, womens rights advocates decided that the first article could be used instead to support the full citizenship rights of women. In a strategy carried out by the more radical wing of the movement, led by Anthony and Stanton,  womens suffrage  supporters attempted to cast ballots in 1872.  Anthony  was among those who did so; she was  arrested and convicted  for this action. Another woman,  Virginia Minor, was turned away from the St. Louis polls when she tried to vote⠁  - and her husband, Frances Minor, sued Reese Happersett, the registrar. (Under femme covert presumptions in the law, Virginia Minor could not sue in her own right.) The Minors brief argued that There can be no halfway citizenship. Woman, as a citizen in the United States, is entitled to all the benefits of that position, and liable to all its obligations, or to none. Once again, the Fourteenth Amendment was used to try to ground arguments for womens equality and the right as citizens to vote and hold office⠁  - but the courts did not agree. In a unanimous decision, the United States Supreme Court in  Minor v. Happersett  found that women born or naturalized in the United States were indeed American citizens, and that they always had been even before the Fourteenth Amendment. But the Supreme Court also found that voting was not one of the privileges and immunities of citizenship, and therefore states need not grant voting rights or suffrage to women. Reed v. Reed Applies the Amendment to Women In 1971, the Supreme Court heard arguments in the case of  Reed v. Reed. Sally Reed had sued when Idaho law presumed that her estranged husband should be automatically selected as executor of the estate of their son, who had died without naming an executor. The Idaho law stated that males must be preferred to females in choosing estate administrators. The Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, decided that the  Fourteenth Amendment  did prohibit such unequal treatment on the basis of sex⠁  - the first US Supreme Court decision to apply the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection clause to gender or sexual distinctions. Later cases have refined the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to sex discrimination, but it was more than 100 years after passage of the Fourteenth Amendment before it was finally applied to womens rights. Expanding Rights in Roe v. Wade In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court found in  Roe v. Wade  that the Fourteenth Amendment restricted, on the basis of the Due Process clause, the governments ability to restrict or prohibit abortions. Any criminal abortion statute that did not take into account the stage of pregnancy and other interests than merely the life of the mother was deemed to be a violation of due process. Text of the Fourteenth Amendment The entire text of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 28, 1868, is as follows: Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.Section. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.Section. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.Section. 4. The validity of the public deb t of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.Section. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Text of the Fifteenth Amendment Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.Section. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operation Management - Essay Example At the same time it is also very capital intensive as requires heavy machinery and costly equipment for both building of ships and carrying out repairs. It also requires a very large area or layout for its activities and needs to be next to a sea port or at least on the coast with very good rail and road facilities for transporting goods and materials. Its consumption of electrical power is also very great. It is for these reasons that this industry is not as widespread as some other industries like apparel manufacturing or food processing which may be bigger in size or turnover but far easier to manage and organize. For such an industry to survive and to prosper it must have certain traits and special skills. Such industries are also located in a few select areas of the world and have developed their knowledge base and their especially skilled workers over long periods of struggles and have become respected the world over for the excellence of their work. One such place in Europe is Rijeka, a city of 200,000 people, located on the north coast of Kvarna Bay between the Istrian Peninsula and the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia. This small town boast of two shipyards and one of them is the famous Viktor Lenac Shipyard (formerly known as Lazarus). For forty years it was the pride of Yugoslavia, until Croatia seceded from it mother country and became independent in 1991. Because of political turbulence during the next ten years foreign buyer hesitated to give business to Croatian shipyards. But Viktor Lenac survived well as it concentrated on ship repairs and remained profitable all along. During the Yugoslavian days all shipyards were owned by the government but Croatia decided to opt for the open market economy and privatized the shipyards. Attracted by its profitability a group of Italian and American investors stepped in and took over the

Management Decision Making Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Decision Making - Coursework Example What are some of the drawbacks of having biases? Could there be any advantages to having biases? Explain. What are the implications for decision making? A. Biases may lead to self assumed and irrational analysis of situations thereby resulting into superstitious decisions. When identified and understood, biases may help managers analyse and select various inputs from individuals/groups. Biases tend to limit the thought process of managers thus jeopardising their decision-making skills. A. I would call myself an intuitive thinker. Systematic decision-making approach results in more robust solutions. Whereas, results based on pure intuitions might save on time but can be misleading. Latter approach may, however, prove more creative. Organisations need both A. In today’s world of technological advancements where business has gone borderless and complex, it is humanly not possible to adhere to the conventional model. It is, therefore, economical to simplify the situation using bounded rational model and then follow the steps of rational model for making decisions which can give fine solutions, if not optimal. A. Good managers make bad decisions when they let their personal biases uncontrolled or restrict their decision making skills because of organisation’s culture. Identifying and controlling biases, staying focused on objectives, overcoming inertia against change, and staying on guard against ‘Yes Man’ trap are few ways to improve decision making

A case study on Westmount Retirement Home

A case study on Westmount Retirement Home New information can be considered valuable in terms of decision making. From new information, the derivation of new and more applicable strategies can be utilized. In this paper, an analysis on how does new information becomes a valuable asset to transform Westmount Retirement home struggles with its current accounting system which affects its profitability to a more effective Activity-based costing system that can improve overall business operations. This paper outlined both the strengths and limitation of the current cost system by Westmount and at the same time provided new elements that support the proposed Activity-based costing system and its benefits. The study also showed calculated suggested new price rates on the room options for Westmounts current and potential residents together with its proposed new fees for additional services and medical needs. Introduction A 125 Unit retirement residence was established on the year 1997. It was called Westmount Retirement home. The core purpose of this retiring home is to cater to seniors of the community. Westmount Retirement home provides both assisted living and independent supportive living options to their clients. Their current clients are divided into two segments, one is the independent supportive residents which require no assistance with the tasks of daily living, the other are assisted living residents which basically requires additional assistance which varies depending with their medical needs and degree of frailties.There are thirty-one (31) employees on Westmount that is spread across all of the retirements home several departments. There is basically several staff employed on a department that specializes on recreational activities, housekeeping, management, building maintenance and nursing. With regard to prices offered to Westmounts residents, the pricing model is actually simple and uniform for all residents and the only variance or difference is fundamentally based on the size of each room. In this study, the author will dissect the case by providing a discussion on Westmounts poor financial results in 2005; this will be followed by analyzing the companys current costing model by highlighting its strengths and limitations. Next will be a computation of the new cost per patient using the data of the current pricing model to create a new costing system. And finally, a discussion on how valuable new information can assist Westmount into creating a more suitable pricing scheme on its residents. Statement of the Problem Westmount Retirement Home has been struggling due to low profitability of its business operations as well as its current accounting system (Shomair 2008). From the low profitability standpoint, Westmount has faced stiff competition, among other local key players on their industry. Westmount has currently three main competitors namely: Chelsea Park retirement, Central park lodge and Longworth Retirement residence. Heavy competition arose due to the increasing demand for assisted and supportive living options. Thus, due to the availability of several retirement homes, key industry trends shows that a lot of potential residents are basing their decisions on residence options on the factor of cost. Regarding Westmounts current pricing model and accounting system, the company offers a standard rate (price) on numerous services to various patients and at the same time attending to individuals specific needs. The issue here is that there is no system or a defined activity-based costing (Platt and Vaysman 2000) in place to account for those varying service needs required by different residents. The obvious result here is a low profitability which can be attributed to its high operating expense. Westmounts Current pricing model: Strengths and Limitations Strengths Based on industry trends, a lot of potential residents are focusing on the cost factor on deciding which retirement home they will get into. Westmount Retirement Homes offers a very attractive and competitive pricing package by having a basic and standard pricing scheme in which the only difference in prices are from room sizes and not other care services. This has attracted a number of residents to Westmount. Not only does Westmount have a uniform price rate across all their services, it also has the most affordable prices compared to its competitors. Westmounts Package or Deal Pricing or most commonly known as a Bundled Payment (Miller 2008) provides its target market a hassle free approach on understanding the total cost of being a resident. Limitations The current costing system of Westmount does not provide any valuable information more particularly on the cost of each their services, since the only method of differentiation with their costs are on room sizes. Potential variability in costs especially on specific services in relation to clients needs is disregarded, due to the limitation of the current costing model. Substantial revenue can be lost as well with this model. As an example, , resident couples can stay at their rooms with no additional cost and have the same care and services as long as they pay for the room rate only. The current costing system does not provide any avenue or room for improvement specifically on operating expenses. For example a lot of staff hours are still being paid even without services rendered. New Costing Model Design Activity-Based Costing This new cost model will definitely improve not only the current accounting system of Westmount but its overall profitability as well. The benefits of an Activity-based costing is that instead of costs assigned to fixed costs, are now can be utilized as variable costs depending numerous activity cost pools in Westmount (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso 2009).In essence, it controls the companys overhead costs and leads to a more effective decision making by the management on how to improve overall finances. Room Rates A new rate will be reflected on this new costing model. To acquire a more suitable and competitive rate for Westmount, New room rates will be the computed by getting the average cost per room of all the three main competitors (see Exhibit 1). The average cost per room will provide an essential perspective on how much does the competitors charge per room (studio, one bedroom and two bedroom models) in this type of industry. Also, it can be used as the new room rate for Westmount. The purpose of which is for the discerning buyer would not only look at the room prices but also other features: such as quality of services, facilities etc. This is possible since the difference between the New Westmount prices compared to its competitors are relatively insignificant, in fact the new rate on average is cheaper than the other two competitors (Central and Longworth). Except for Chelsea Park in which Westmount can compete via other methods: for e.g. Marketing high quality services and facilitie s. Price differences because of room size will still be applicable with the new rates. Regarding the current issue with having couples share the room and services, Westmount can utilize their two bedroom units. Only one competitor has this residential type (Chelsea Park). Westmount can have the option of selling those units to couples with the new room rate without an additional charge. This will provide Westmount the ability to attract more potential residents and have those clients focus on getting a two bedroom if they want to consider being with their spouses. With these new rates alone, Westmount can generate more revenue out of its projected client base of 160 residents and in effect will increase profitability. Identifying and Matching Residents Needs Each resident may have different or special needs, contrary to the previous system in which these differences are barely nonexistent. This can be done by Westmount using proper segmentation of all its current residents, more particularly to those residents require additional services or different levels of care. This can be segmented by using a three modelled option for service fees. First are the residents with no medical needs, then with moderate medical needs and lastly those with intense medical needs, for the last two groups, they could have the option to purchase nursing and medical support at an additional cost. This also follows the activity-based costing model proposed for this company. New Prices for Additional Services and Medical Needs For those living residents with no medical needs rates, the new room costs will be the base price to be applied. On the other hand, those on the other group which require added services and medical needs would pay additional costs for each service and medical need (see Exhibit 2 for Activity-Based costing) The price of each service will be determinant to its operating cost plus 15% mark-up, to ensure adequate return to Westmounts shareholders and enough funds for necessary capital requirements. Utilization of Labor Availability As in any organization, some employees are more productive than others (Platt, and Vaysman 2000:19). With this new model the author allocated cost of each staff members compensation-related costs among the several activities in which he or she is responsible. Since a lot of man-hours are consistently wasted with the current costing system, the new system approach would be almost the exact opposite. Each resident group will now have staff available to them only when they really need them. Examples of these are dieticians employed for those patients with serious medical conditions; their hours now will be spent entirely to this resident group, in effect decreasing their total work time. And since they will now be paid on an hourly basis it will drive down costs on this support service. These hourly basis of work schedules will be applied across the board to ensure that all time spent will be productive and useful. This is also a win-win suggestion especially the extra time given to these staff members will create a much more balance in their work-life relationship. As for Westmount, obviously this will help drive down operating costs, by eliminating its current fixed costs of labour and transforming it into a variable costs which can either be seasonal depending on the demand for staff availability. Value of New information In any facet of economics most particularly in enterprise, new information that can be used to apply new strategy and other development are all considered essential and valuable. Cohen and Leviathan stated that The ability to exploit external knowledge is thus a critical component of innovative capabilities (1990:122). In this case, Westmounts administrator Helen Roswell, have noticed the low profitability of the firm and analyze what could be the causes. She acknowledges external factors could contribute to it, but her main concern was on their pricing model and total operating expenditure. This realization made Roswell think of other alternatives apart from the current cost model, especially when this current model has a direct impact on the firms overall profitability. To continue to attract more clients and still remain profitable, a new pricing model was needed to reflect the level of medical care and service required by each individual patient. Roswell has also decided that she would need to assess the true cost of each Westmounts services, and then use this information to develop a new pricing model. The price schemed for room rates specifically as aforementioned in this study will be the monthly average price of all industry players. The added or special service or medical need will be on a case to case basis in which the price will be service operational cost plus 15% mark up. This new pricing scheme can definitely alleviate Westmounts overall profitability and decrease operational expenses. Calculations: As an example for Supportive Services: Number of Employees:17 Total Cost amounted to $548, 573. Total wages is at $538, 392 Total Supplies used cost $10,181 Two (2) dieticians is compensated $18.50/hour each. 37 hours/week 48 weeks Total costs for Dieticians Wages per year: $65, 712 Estimated. Number of residents with intense medical need for dieticians 50.The total cost of the two dieticians wages for this scenario will now be allocated on an hourly basis or 25% allocation example, in which the demand for their services ( in this case the 50 residents) will be applied.